How do decomposers contribute to nutrient cycling in an ecosystem?

Decomposers play a vital role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems by breaking down dead organic material and waste products. This process involves the action of microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, which digest complex organic compounds and convert them into simpler substances. As decomposers break down this material, they release essential nutrients—like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—back into the soil and water, making them available for uptake by primary producers, such as plants. This recycling of nutrients is crucial for maintaining ecosystem productivity and ensuring that energy flows through the food web. In essence, decomposers facilitate the continuous cycle of nutrients, contributing to the health and sustainability of ecosystems.