What defines mutualism in ecological relationships?

Mutualism is defined as an ecological relationship where both species involved derive benefits from the interaction. This mutual benefit can come in various forms, such as food, protection, or assistance in reproduction, and it often leads to greater survival and reproductive success for both species.

For instance, a common example of mutualism is the relationship between bees and flowering plants. Bees obtain nectar from the flowers as a food source, while simultaneously aiding in pollination, which is crucial for the reproductive success of the plants. This type of interaction enhances the fitness of both species, illustrating the key characteristic of mutualism.

In contrast, other types of ecological relationships do not involve mutual benefits. For example, parasitism involves one species benefiting at the cost of another, while commensalism involves one species benefiting without affecting the other. Understanding these differences is crucial for grasping the complex interactions that occur within ecosystems.