What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells in terms of organelles?

Eukaryotic cells are characterized by the presence of membrane-bound organelles, which are structures within the cell that perform specific functions and are encased in membranes. This distinguishes them from prokaryotic cells, which lack these membrane-bound organelles and have a more simplistic structure.

In eukaryotic cells, organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus are compartmentalized, allowing for more complex processes within the cell. For instance, the nucleus houses the genetic material and is separated from the cytoplasm, while mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, providing energy through cellular respiration.

Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. Their cellular functions occur within a single cellular space, leading to differences in cellular processes and metabolism. This structural distinction underlies many of the functional differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes, facilitating the greater complexity often found in eukaryotic organisms.