What impact does extinction have on evolution?

The impact of extinction on evolution is significant, as it creates new ecological niches for species to evolve. When a species becomes extinct, it often leaves behind a gap in the ecosystem that can be filled by other organisms. This phenomenon allows for adaptive radiation, where new species evolve to occupy the roles previously held by the extinct species. Such opportunities can lead to increased biodiversity in the long term, as new species adapt to the available niches and diversify beyond their ancestral forms.

For example, after the extinction of dinosaurs, mammals rapidly diversified into numerous forms, filling various ecological roles that were previously occupied. This shows how extinction can stimulate evolution by opening up new environments or resources that are available for exploration and adaptation by surviving species.

The other responses address common misconceptions about extinction but do not capture the broader evolutionary implications. Extinction does not always decrease biodiversity; it can lead to an increase in biodiversity as new life forms arise to fill the vacant niches. Additionally, while extinction may prevent specific existing species from continuing, it does not inherently prevent the emergence of new species in the future. Lastly, the effects of extinction are felt across ecosystems and do not solely pertain to smaller populations; rather, they can have far-reaching impacts on entire ecosystems.