What is niche differentiation?

Niche differentiation refers to the process where competing species utilize the resources in their environment in distinct ways, minimizing competition and allowing them to coexist. This differentiation can involve variations in feeding habits, habitat preferences, or timing of activity. Through niche differentiation, species adapt to exploit different aspects of the environment, which can lead to a more stable ecosystem where multiple species thrive without directly competing for the same resources.

This concept is key in understanding how biodiversity is maintained in ecosystems and how species can coexist. For instance, different bird species might feed on similar insects, but one species may hunt in the morning while another forages in the evening, reducing direct competition.

Options that focus on evolution from a common ancestor or the competition for resources do not capture the key element of resource usage differences. Likewise, changes in species abundance over time look at population dynamics rather than the distinctive use of resources among species. Thus, the answer that best captures the essence of niche differentiation is the process by which competing species use resources differently.