What is the primary role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

Decomposers play a fundamental role in ecosystems by breaking down dead organic matter. This includes the remains of plants, animals, and other organisms that have died. Through the process of decomposition, they convert complex organic materials into simpler substances. This not only helps recycle nutrients back into the soil but also makes them available for uptake by plants, thus supporting new growth. By facilitating this nutrient cycling, decomposers contribute to ecosystem stability and health, ensuring that energy flows through the food web efficiently.

The other functions mentioned in the choices do not align with the primary role of decomposers. For example, photosynthesis is carried out by producers, such as plants and algae, and is essential for converting sunlight into chemical energy. Predator-prey relationships are dynamics found within food chains, but they do not pertain to the decomposition process. Maintaining soil pH levels is an important aspect of soil health, but it is not the direct function of decomposers; rather, this may occur as a secondary result of their activity, as decomposition can influence soil chemistry.