Which factors are key in maintaining genetic variation in a population?

The correct answer emphasizes several critical mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of genetic variation within populations.

Mutations serve as the source of new genetic variation, introducing novel alleles into a gene pool. These mutations can arise spontaneously through errors in DNA replication or can result from environmental factors. This variation is essential for evolution and adaptation in response to changing environments.

Gene flow, or the movement of alleles between populations through migration, allows for the exchange of genetic material. This process can increase genetic diversity within a population and reduce differences between populations, contributing to the overall genetic variation.

Sexual reproduction plays a significant role in maintaining genetic variation as well. Through processes such as crossing over during meiosis and independent assortment, sexual reproduction creates new combinations of alleles. This genetic recombination enhances diversity among offspring, which is beneficial for adaptability and resilience in varying environments.

Environmental changes can also impact genetic variation by creating new selective pressures. As environments change, the fitness of certain traits may vary, leading to natural selection favoring different alleles. This ongoing interaction between population genetics and the environment ensures that genetic variation is not only present but also dynamic and responsive to ecological factors.

The combination of these mechanisms underscores the importance of both genetic and environmental factors in sustaining genetic diversity within