Which of the following best describes the ecological impact of invasive species?

Invasive species play a significant role in disrupting ecosystems and reducing biodiversity. When non-native species are introduced into a new environment, they can outcompete native species for resources such as food, habitat, and light. This competition often leads to a decline in the populations of native species, which can alter the structure of the original community.

Invasive species may also introduce diseases that native species have not evolved defenses against, further threatening their populations. Additionally, these invaders can modify habitats, leading to significant changes in ecosystem functioning. For instance, they may change soil composition or water availability, ultimately affecting the entire food web.

The overarching consequence of these disturbances is a reduction in biodiversity, as native plants and animals may become endangered or extinct due to the pressures exerted by invasive species. This decline in biodiversity not only alters the interactions among species but also impacts ecosystem services that are vital for human societies and the health of the environment. Thus, the correct choice captures the essence of the ecological effects of invasive species on native ecosystems.