Which of the following statements correctly distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

The statement that prokaryotic cells are simpler and lack a nucleus accurately describes a fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, which include bacteria and archaea, are characterized by their simpler structure. They do not possess a defined nucleus; instead, their genetic material is located in a region called the nucleoid. This lack of compartmentalization is a key feature that differentiates them from eukaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic cells, which comprise organisms such as plants, animals, and fungi, possess a true nucleus that houses their DNA, along with various membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria, which compartmentalize cellular functions. This complexity allows for greater specialization and more complex cellular functions in eukaryotic organisms.

Understanding this distinction is critical in cell biology, as it helps in comprehending cellular processes and the evolutionary relationships between different forms of life.